For as long as I have been watching progress in tissue engineering, the primary and most important barrier to building organs to order has been the inability to construct vascular networks. A network of capillaries must exist for blood, and thus nutrients and oxygen necessary to cell survival, to reach more than a few millimeters into a tissue. In live tissues, hundreds of minuscule capillaries pass through every square millimeter, considered in cross-section. Replicating this level of capillary density in engineered tissue has yet to be accomplished, with even the more advanced technology demonstrations falling well short of this goal. Well funded initiatives such as the effort to produce genetically engineered pigs with organs that can be decellularized for transplantation into humans, or the application of
From https://jamesjohnson10.blogspot.com/2019/09/embedded-3d-printing-used-to-assemble.html
from
https://jamesjohnson10.wordpress.com/2019/09/14/embedded-3d-printing-used-to-assemble-tiny-organoids-into-larger-vascularized-tissue-masses/
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